The Surprising Effectiveness of Linear Models for Whole-Body Model-Predictive Control

The Surprising Effectiveness of Linear Models for Whole-Body Model-Predictive Control

When do locomotion controllers require reasoning about nonlinearities? In this work, we show that a whole-body model-predictive controller using a simple linear time-invariant approximation of the whole-body dynamics is able to execute basic locomotion tasks on complex legged robots. The formulation requires no online nonlinear dynamics evaluations or matrix inversions. We demonstrate walking, disturbance rejection, and even navigation to a goal position without a separate footstep planner on a quadrupedal robot. In addition, we demonstrate dynamic walking on a hydraulic humanoid, a robot with significant limb inertia, complex actuator dynamics, and large sim-to-real gap.

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2025
September
PDF The Surprising Effectiveness of Linear Models for Whole-Body Model-Predictive Control
Arun Bishop, Juan Alvarez Padilla, Sam Schoedel, Ibrahima S. Sow, Juee Chandrachud, Sheitej Sharma, Will Kraus, Beomyeong Park, Robert J. Griffin, John M. Dolan, and Zac Manchester
IEEE Humanoids. Seoul, South Korea. (Accepted)

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Arun Bishop
Contact-rich Optimization and Control
Juan Alvarez Padilla
Learning and Optimization Based Controls
Will Kraus
Roboligent
Zac Manchester
Associate Professor
Last updated: 2025-10-15